( ! ) Warning: Undefined property: stdClass::$given in D:\wamp64\www\albasirah\plugins\generic\citationStyleLanguage\lib\vendor\seboettg\citeproc-php\src\Rendering\Name\Name.php on line 579
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001380560{main}( )...\index.php:0
20.00911137344PKPApplication->execute( )...\index.php:67
30.00921141528Dispatcher->dispatch( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '82', 'submissionId' => '82']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'polyglot.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\PKPApplication.inc.php:362
40.04252667736PKPPageRouter->route( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '82', 'submissionId' => '82']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'polyglot.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\Dispatcher.inc.php:144
50.05732679392PKPRouter->_authorizeInitializeAndCallRequest( $serviceEndpoint = [0 => class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { public $article = class Submission { ... }; public $publication = class Publication { ... }; public $issue = class Issue { ... }; public $citationStyle = 'harvard-cite-them-right'; public $returnJson = FALSE; protected $_apiToken = NULL; public $_id = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_checks = [...]; public $_roleAssignments = [...]; public $_authorizationDecisionManager = class AuthorizationDecisionManager { ... }; public $_enforceRestrictedSite = TRUE; public $_roleAssignmentsChecked = FALSE; public $_isBackendPage = FALSE }, 1 => 'get'], $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '82', 'submissionId' => '82']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'polyglot.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $args = [0 => 'harvard-cite-them-right'], $validate = FALSE )...\PKPPageRouter.inc.php:246
60.05742686168CitationStyleLanguageHandler->get( $args = [0 => 'harvard-cite-them-right'], $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '82', 'submissionId' => '82']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'polyglot.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\PKPRouter.inc.php:395
70.09493277664CitationStyleLanguagePlugin->getCitation( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '82', 'submissionId' => '82']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'polyglot.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $article = class Submission { public $_data = ['id' => 82, 'contextId' => 1, 'currentPublicationId' => 82, 'dateLastActivity' => '2022-04-22 07:34:14', 'dateSubmitted' => '2022-04-22 07:31:58', 'lastModified' => '2022-04-22 07:28:13', 'locale' => 'en_US', 'stageId' => 5, 'status' => 3, 'submissionProgress' => 0, 'publications' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = TRUE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE }, $citationStyle = 'harvard-cite-them-right', $issue = class Issue { public $_data = ['id' => 5, 'journalId' => 1, 'volume' => 10, 'number' => '01', 'year' => 2021, 'published' => 1, 'current' => 0, 'datePublished' => '2021-06-30 00:00:00', 'lastModified' => '2022-06-30 11:41:37', 'accessStatus' => 1, 'showVolume' => 1, 'showNumber' => 1, 'showYear' => 1, 'showTitle' => 1, 'urlPath' => '', 'coverImage' => [...], 'title' => [...], 'description' => [...], 'coverImageAltText' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = FALSE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE }, $publication = class Publication { public $_data = ['id' => 82, 'accessStatus' => 0, 'datePublished' => '2021-06-30', 'lastModified' => '2022-04-22 07:34:13', 'primaryContactId' => 105, 'sectionId' => 1, 'seq' => 13, 'submissionId' => 82, 'status' => 3, 'version' => 1, 'categoryIds' => [...], 'abstract' => [...], 'prefix' => [...], 'subtitle' => [...], 'title' => [...], 'pages' => '71-92', 'issueId' => 5, 'copyrightHolder' => [...], 'copyrightYear' => 2021, 'pub-id::doi' => '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82', 'locale' => 'en_US', 'authors' => [...], 'keywords' => [...], 'subjects' => [...], 'disciplines' => [...], 'languages' => [...], 'supportingAgencies' => [...], 'galleys' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = FALSE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE } )...\CitationStyleLanguageHandler.inc.php:45
80.10093333648Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { ... }; public $author = [...]; public $issued = class stdClass { ... }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }], $mode = 'bibliography', $citationItems = ???, $citationAsArray = ??? )...\CitationStyleLanguagePlugin.inc.php:423
90.10983803144Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = NULL; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = 'complete-all'; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] } )...\CiteProc.php:183
100.10983803144Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = NULL; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = 'complete-all'; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] }, $citationNumber = ??? )...\CiteProc.php:137
110.10983803144Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = NULL; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = 'complete-all'; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] }, $citationItems = NULL )...\Bibliography.php:76
120.10983803848Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Layout.php:97
130.10983804464Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Group->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Layout.php:130
140.10993805080Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Group->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Group.php:113
150.10993805696Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Group.php:113
160.10993805696Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' } )...\Text.php:118
170.10993805696Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = ??? )...\Text.php:282
180.10993806312Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Names->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = NULL )...\Macro.php:86
190.10993876560Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $var = 'author', $citationNumber = NULL )...\Names.php:210
200.10993876656Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->handleSubsequentAuthorSubstitution( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر عبدالحمید' }, 1 => class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ عبدالحنان حامد' }], $citationNumber = NULL )...\Name.php:137
210.10993876656Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->getFormattedNames( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر عبدالحمید' }, 1 => class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ عبدالحنان حامد' }] )...\Name.php:424
220.10993876656Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->formatName( $nameItem = class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر عبدالحمید' }, $rank = 0 )...\Name.php:439
230.10993877072Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->getNamesString( $name = class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر عبدالحمید' }, $rank = 0 )...\Name.php:191
240.10993877072Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->nameOrder( $data = class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر عبدالحمید' }, $rank = 0 )...\Name.php:210
( ! ) Warning: Undefined property: stdClass::$given in D:\wamp64\www\albasirah\plugins\generic\citationStyleLanguage\lib\vendor\seboettg\citeproc-php\src\Rendering\Name\Name.php on line 579
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001380560{main}( )...\index.php:0
20.00911137344PKPApplication->execute( )...\index.php:67
30.00921141528Dispatcher->dispatch( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '82', 'submissionId' => '82']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'polyglot.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\PKPApplication.inc.php:362
40.04252667736PKPPageRouter->route( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '82', 'submissionId' => '82']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'polyglot.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\Dispatcher.inc.php:144
50.05732679392PKPRouter->_authorizeInitializeAndCallRequest( $serviceEndpoint = [0 => class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { public $article = class Submission { ... }; public $publication = class Publication { ... }; public $issue = class Issue { ... }; public $citationStyle = 'harvard-cite-them-right'; public $returnJson = FALSE; protected $_apiToken = NULL; public $_id = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_checks = [...]; public $_roleAssignments = [...]; public $_authorizationDecisionManager = class AuthorizationDecisionManager { ... }; public $_enforceRestrictedSite = TRUE; public $_roleAssignmentsChecked = FALSE; public $_isBackendPage = FALSE }, 1 => 'get'], $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '82', 'submissionId' => '82']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'polyglot.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $args = [0 => 'harvard-cite-them-right'], $validate = FALSE )...\PKPPageRouter.inc.php:246
60.05742686168CitationStyleLanguageHandler->get( $args = [0 => 'harvard-cite-them-right'], $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '82', 'submissionId' => '82']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'polyglot.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\PKPRouter.inc.php:395
70.09493277664CitationStyleLanguagePlugin->getCitation( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '82', 'submissionId' => '82']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'polyglot.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $article = class Submission { public $_data = ['id' => 82, 'contextId' => 1, 'currentPublicationId' => 82, 'dateLastActivity' => '2022-04-22 07:34:14', 'dateSubmitted' => '2022-04-22 07:31:58', 'lastModified' => '2022-04-22 07:28:13', 'locale' => 'en_US', 'stageId' => 5, 'status' => 3, 'submissionProgress' => 0, 'publications' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = TRUE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE }, $citationStyle = 'harvard-cite-them-right', $issue = class Issue { public $_data = ['id' => 5, 'journalId' => 1, 'volume' => 10, 'number' => '01', 'year' => 2021, 'published' => 1, 'current' => 0, 'datePublished' => '2021-06-30 00:00:00', 'lastModified' => '2022-06-30 11:41:37', 'accessStatus' => 1, 'showVolume' => 1, 'showNumber' => 1, 'showYear' => 1, 'showTitle' => 1, 'urlPath' => '', 'coverImage' => [...], 'title' => [...], 'description' => [...], 'coverImageAltText' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = FALSE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE }, $publication = class Publication { public $_data = ['id' => 82, 'accessStatus' => 0, 'datePublished' => '2021-06-30', 'lastModified' => '2022-04-22 07:34:13', 'primaryContactId' => 105, 'sectionId' => 1, 'seq' => 13, 'submissionId' => 82, 'status' => 3, 'version' => 1, 'categoryIds' => [...], 'abstract' => [...], 'prefix' => [...], 'subtitle' => [...], 'title' => [...], 'pages' => '71-92', 'issueId' => 5, 'copyrightHolder' => [...], 'copyrightYear' => 2021, 'pub-id::doi' => '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82', 'locale' => 'en_US', 'authors' => [...], 'keywords' => [...], 'subjects' => [...], 'disciplines' => [...], 'languages' => [...], 'supportingAgencies' => [...], 'galleys' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = FALSE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE } )...\CitationStyleLanguageHandler.inc.php:45
80.10093333648Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { ... }; public $author = [...]; public $issued = class stdClass { ... }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }], $mode = 'bibliography', $citationItems = ???, $citationAsArray = ??? )...\CitationStyleLanguagePlugin.inc.php:423
90.10983803144Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = NULL; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = 'complete-all'; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] } )...\CiteProc.php:183
100.10983803144Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = NULL; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = 'complete-all'; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] }, $citationNumber = ??? )...\CiteProc.php:137
110.10983803144Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = NULL; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = 'complete-all'; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] }, $citationItems = NULL )...\Bibliography.php:76
120.10983803848Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Layout.php:97
130.10983804464Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Group->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Layout.php:130
140.10993805080Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Group->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Group.php:113
150.10993805696Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Group.php:113
160.10993805696Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' } )...\Text.php:118
170.10993805696Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = ??? )...\Text.php:282
180.10993806312Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Names->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $citationNumber = NULL )...\Macro.php:86
190.10993876560Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 82; public $title = 'عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Internet Service has become the platform for every transaction as it made the universe a global village. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed especially in the COVID_19 that almost the world has switched on to online services instead of physical movements. The world economist started almost all kinds of business through online including games. Human being happened to be social animal but in this pandemic era they were made confined in their home; so, the gaming market took part in this '...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '10'; public $issue = '01'; public $section = 'Articles'; public $URL = 'https://polyglot.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/82'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2021-06-30' }; public $page = '71-92'; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82' }, $var = 'author', $citationNumber = NULL )...\Names.php:210
200.10993876656Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->handleSubsequentAuthorSubstitution( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر عبدالحمید' }, 1 => class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ عبدالحنان حامد' }], $citationNumber = NULL )...\Name.php:137
210.10993876656Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->getFormattedNames( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر عبدالحمید' }, 1 => class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ عبدالحنان حامد' }] )...\Name.php:424
220.12233910848Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->formatName( $nameItem = class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ عبدالحنان حامد' }, $rank = 1 )...\Name.php:439
230.12233911264Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->getNamesString( $name = class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ عبدالحنان حامد' }, $rank = 1 )...\Name.php:191
240.12233911264Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->nameOrder( $data = class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ عبدالحنان حامد' }, $rank = 1 )...\Name.php:210
ڈاکٹر عبدالحمید and حافظ عبدالحنان حامد (2021) “عصر حاضر کی جدید آن لائن کھیلوں کا شرعی حکم فوائد و نقصانات اور فتاوی کی روشنی میں: Merits and Demerits of Contemporary E-Games: A Shariah perspective”, Al Basirah, 10(01), pp. 71–92. doi: 10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.82.