NUML International Journal of Engineering and Computing

Sustainable development of Vehicular Fog Computing Using Karlskrona Manifesto

Inam Ul Haq — 2025-03-06

The emerging concept of smart cities, smart vehicles and smart traffic systems using Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC) technology is based on the concept of cloud and edge computing which assist in the automation and implementation of such smart concepts. But implementing and utilizing Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC) will need an excessive amount of power for the communication and decision-making system and will also lead to cause a huge amount of electromagnetic radiation. The sustainable and environment friendly development and implementation of such systems and infrastructure is still a key challenge for the industry. This research article undergoes a thorough sustainability analysis of the proposed system using the Karlskrona manifesto, which helped us to identify the current and future viable goals and aim of the system and their order of impact on the individuals. The development of the Sustainability and Analysis diagram(SusAD) explored the immediate, intermediate, and structural impact of technical, individual, social, environmental and economic dimensions of the system, this research article also proposes alternative ways to achieve sustainability and prevent the adverse effects of the system implementation.

IoT-Based Smart Utility Control System

Khansa niazi — 2025-02-27

In the 21st century, particularly in regions like Pakistan, critical challenges such as water scarcity, rising gas costs, and the severe effects of climate change have become increasingly urgent. To tackle these issues, numerous IoT-based systems are being developed globally to promote efficient resource management and sustainability. However, many of the currently available IoT solutions, such as 1NCE's Smart Utilities Management, Semtech's LoRa® Technology for Smart Utilities, and Robustel's Utility Management Solutions, are often expensive. These systems require specialized and costly appliances for their functionality, making them less accessible to average users, especially in regions with limited resources [1]. In contrast, the IoT-based Smart Utility Control System offers a more affordable and accessible alternative. This system integrates seamlessly with a smartphone-based Android application, utilizing Firebase as its platform. By eliminating the need for expensive supportive appliances, it provides an efficient and cost-effective solution for managing utilities like water and energy. The system is designed to ensure convenience, promote resource conservation, and support households in addressing challenges related to resource scarcity and rising costs, particularly in economically vulnerable regions. With two key modules, our proposed solution addresses critical issues households in Pakistan and similar regions face. The first module wireless connectivity of water tanks focuses on water monitoring and control, offering real-time monitoring of water levels in main and supply tanks. In a country facing diminishing water resources, our system's ability to alert users to low water levels and remotely control water motors can help prevent wastage and ensure efficient water usage, thereby mitigating the effects of water scarcity. The second module monitors and controls the gas geyser for energy-efficient preheating and remote operation. Through the mobile app, users can adjust and schedule the operation of the geyser according to their preferences. This includes setting specific times for the geyser to switch on or off, optimizing energy usage, and ensuring hot water availability. By providing this level of control and flexibility, our system promotes energy efficiency and enhances user convenience and comfort.

Evolving Methods in Social Media Sentiment Analysis: Innovations and Challenges

Fazal Tariq — 2025-02-27

Several major studies conducted during the period 2010-2023 have been compiled in this article to illustrate recent progress made toward improving sentiment analysis methods [1] applied to social media websites during that period. In light of the vast amount of user-generated content that is uploaded daily to social media platforms[2], [3] such as Facebook or Instagram, it is essential to evaluate public sentiment on these channels when marketing or monitoring public opinion processes. As a result, traditional machine learning models[4] cannot comprehend the unstructured and evolving language found on social media platforms. For the purpose of improving accuracy, researchers have developed ensemble learning techniques[5] as well as hybrid approaches [6]. CNNs, RNNs, and Transformer models [7] such as BERT have revolutionized sentiment analysis by revealing intricate details. An analysis of real-time sentiment in social media videos can be quickly performed using big data analytics. Multimodal methods [8], [9] incorporating visual, audio, and textual data provide a more comprehensive understanding of sentiments in social media videos. Model adaptability across datasets is improved through transfer learning. Unfortunately, differences in language and ethical issues remain, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to develop adaptable, expandable, ethical sentiment analysis models. The purpose of this review is to discuss the ground-breaking implications of advanced techniques for analyzing social media sentiment, along with future research directions.

Med Box: Smart Medication Reminding & Monitoring

Zahid ALI KHAN — 2025-03-03

Effective medication management plays a vital role in a patient's recovery, and timely adherence to prescribed medication is key to achieving positive health outcomes. In our fast-paced society, many individuals face challenges in maintaining their medication schedules, which can significantly impact their recovery process. This concern is particularly pronounced among older adults and those managing chronic conditions. Inadequate medication adherence not only threatens health but can also lead to severe complications. Medication management applications have surfaced, although there has been limited advancement in this area in Pakistan, with few hospitals adopting comprehensive medication management systems. There is also a notable gap in home-based solutions that can effectively track medication intake and maintain detailed medication histories. This study aims to evaluate a newly developed medication management system that enhances patient adherence while minimizing medication errors and providing a reliable record of medication history. The proposed prototype includes both a hardware component and a mobile application called "Med App," designed to support patients in managing their medications and documenting their medication journeys. The integrated hardware features five automated containers for medication storage, all operated seamlessly through the Med App. It leverages advanced sensors and image processing technologies to ensure precise medication dispensing and tracking within each container. All collected data is securely stored on the Firebase platform, integrating information from both the app and the hardware.

Unveiling Public Sentiments in Crisis: The EHDSAF Approach to Dark Social Media Data during the 2010 Pakistan Flood

Fazal Tariq — 2025-02-27

The flood in Pakistan has become one of the severe natural disasters in the country that has killed millions of people and made a wide impact on the economy, social life, and environment of the region. However, while the focus was mostly on the ground response, human emotions, and sentiments, which were shared on social media, known as dark social media data, were left untapped. In this research, federated querying involving the proposed approach EHDSAF (Enhanced Hybrid Dark Social Analytical Framework) is employed to aggregate and analyze unstructured social media data on the 2010 flood disaster. Thus, using the proposed approach, we reveal the unconscious emotions of people in different regions and aged within Pakistan. The study shows the ability to consistently monitor the emotional status of the population, differences in positive, neutral, and negative attitudes depending on the region and age category. These findings suggest a more profound understanding of the process of communication of the experiences and reactions during the crisis and provide the information that may prove useful for strategizing the future disaster management and the carrying out of humanitarian interventions.